Question 2 A population of 1,000 people is monitored for a year for the development of measles. No one has measles at the start of the investigation. Thirty people develop measles on June 30 and twenty people develop measles on September 30. Eight people are lost to follow-up on March 31 and twenty-four people are lost to follow-up on November 30. None of those lost to follow-up had developed measles prior to becoming lost. Assume that you can only get measles once. ● · What is the cumulative incidence of measles in this population?

Concepts:

Prevalence, Cumulative incidence, Incidence rate, Disease frequency, Epidemiology

Explanation:

This problem set involves defining and calculating various measures of disease frequency, understanding their differences, and applying them to specific scenarios.

Step by Step Solution:

Step 1

1. Define and give the formulas for each of the following measures of disease frequency:

Step 2

Prevalence: The proportion of a population that has a specific disease at a given time. Formula: Prevalence=Total populationNumber of existing cases​

Step 3

Cumulative Incidence: The proportion of a population that develops a disease over a specified period of time. Formula: Cumulative Incidence=Population at risk at the beginning of the periodNumber of new cases​

Step 4

Incidence Rate: The rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population. Formula: Incidence Rate=Person−time at riskNumber of new cases​

Step 5

1. Key differences between the terms:

Step 6

A. Incidence and Prevalence: Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease that develop in a population during a specified period of time, while prevalence refers to the total number of cases, both new and existing, in a population at a given time.

Step 7

B. Cumulative Incidence and Incidence Rate: Cumulative incidence is a proportion that measures the risk of developing a disease over a specified period, while incidence rate is a measure of the speed at which new cases occur in a population.

Step 8

1. Type of measure of disease frequency for each scenario:

Step 9

A. Cumulative Incidence: Percentage of students who developed influenza during the spring semester.

Step 10

B. Prevalence: Percentage of students who had sore throats on the first day of class.

Step 11

C. Prevalence: Percent of breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy during 2001.

Step 12

D. Prevalence: Percent of men found to have high blood pressure at their yearly physical.

Final Answer:

The problem set involves defining and calculating various measures of disease frequency, understanding their differences, and applying them to specific scenarios. The key measures are prevalence, cumulative incidence, and incidence rate, each with distinct formulas and applicatio